in what ways do the parts of a human body system work together to carry out a specific function?
On this page:
- What is the digestive system?
- Why is digestion of import?
- How does my digestive organization piece of work?
- How does food move through my GI tract?
- How does my digestive organisation break nutrient into small parts my body can use?
- What happens to the digested food?
- How does my body control the digestive procedure?
- Clinical Trials
What is the digestive system?
The digestive arrangement is made up of the gastrointestinal tract—also called the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make upwardly the GI tract are the rima oris, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, big intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
The pocket-sized intestine has 3 parts. The start part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the centre and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The colon is next. The rectum is the end of the large intestine.
Leaner in your GI tract, too chosen gut flora or microbiome, help with digestion. Parts of your nervous and circulatory systems also help. Working together, nerves, hormones, bacteria, claret, and the organs of your digestive system digest the foods and liquids you eat or drink each twenty-four hours.
Why is digestion important?
Digestion is important because your body needs nutrients from food and drink to work properly and stay healthy. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water are nutrients. Your digestive system breaks nutrients into parts minor plenty for your trunk to absorb and use for energy, growth, and jail cell repair.
- Proteins break into amino acids
- Fats break into fatty acids and glycerol
- Carbohydrates break into simple sugars
MyPlate offers ideas and tips to help you run into your individual health needs.
How does my digestive system work?
Each part of your digestive system helps to movement food and liquid through your GI tract, break food and liquid into smaller parts, or both. Once foods are broken into modest enough parts, your torso can absorb and move the nutrients to where they are needed. Your large intestine absorbs water, and the waste products of digestion go stool. Fretfulness and hormones help control the digestive procedure.
The digestive process
| Organ | Movement | Digestive Juices Added | Food Particles Cleaved Down |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mouth | Chewing | Saliva | Starches, a blazon of sugar |
| Esophagus | Peristalsis | None | None |
| Tummy | Upper muscle in stomach relaxes to let food enter, and lower muscle mixes food with digestive juice | Stomach acid and digestive enzymes | Proteins |
| Pocket-sized intestine | Peristalsis | Pocket-sized intestine digestive juice | Starches, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Pancreas | None | Pancreatic juice | Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| Liver | None | Bile | Fats |
| Large intestine | Peristalsis | None | Bacteria in the large intestine can as well pause downwards nutrient. |
How does nutrient movement through my GI tract?
Food moves through your GI tract by a process called peristalsis. The large, hollow organs of your GI tract comprise a layer of musculus that enables their walls to motion. The motility pushes food and liquid through your GI tract and mixes the contents inside each organ. The musculus behind the food contracts and squeezes the food forrard, while the muscle in front of the food relaxes to allow the food to motility.
Mouth. Food starts to move through your GI tract when you eat. When you consume, your tongue pushes the food into your throat. A small flap of tissue, called the epiglottis, folds over your windpipe to prevent choking and the food passes into your esophagus.
Esophagus. One time you begin swallowing, the process becomes automated. Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins.
Lower esophageal sphincter. When food reaches the end of your esophagus, a ringlike muscle—chosen the lower esophageal sphincter —relaxes and lets food pass into your stomach. This sphincter usually stays airtight to keep what's in your stomach from flowing back into your esophagus.
Stomach. Afterward food enters your stomach, the breadbasket muscles mix the nutrient and liquid with digestive juices. The stomach slowly empties its contents, chosen chyme, into your small intestine.
Small intestine. The muscles of the small intestine mix nutrient with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forwards for farther digestion. The walls of the pocket-sized intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream. As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the big intestine.
Large intestine. Waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of nutrient, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract. The large intestine absorbs water and changes the waste material from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your rectum.
Rectum. The lower terminate of your large intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during a bowel movement.
Watch this video to see how food moves through your GI tract.
How does my digestive arrangement break nutrient into small-scale parts my body can utilize?
As nutrient moves through your GI tract, your digestive organs suspension the food into smaller parts using:
- motility, such as chewing, squeezing, and mixing
- digestive juices, such as stomach acrid, bile, and enzymes
Mouth. The digestive procedure starts in your oral fissure when you chew. Your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens food and then it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach. Saliva besides has an enzyme that begins to interruption down starches in your food.
Esophagus. After y'all swallow, peristalsis pushes the food down your esophagus into your tum.
Tummy. Glands in your stomach lining brand stomach acrid and enzymes that interruption downwardly nutrient. Muscles of your tummy mix the food with these digestive juices.
Pancreas. Your pancreas makes a digestive juice that has enzymes that intermission down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The pancreas delivers the digestive juice to the pocket-sized intestine through minor tubes called ducts.
Liver. Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins. Bile ducts bear bile from your liver to your gallbladder for storage, or to the modest intestine for use.
Gallbladder. Your gallbladder stores bile between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder squeezes bile through the bile ducts into your small intestine.
Modest intestine. Your pocket-size intestine makes digestive juice, which mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Leaner in your small-scale intestine make some of the enzymes y'all demand to digest carbohydrates. Your pocket-sized intestine moves water from your bloodstream into your GI tract to help suspension downward food. Your minor intestine also absorbs water with other nutrients.
Large intestine. In your large intestine, more water moves from your GI tract into your bloodstream. Leaner in your large intestine aid pause down remaining nutrients and make vitamin 1000. Waste products of digestion, including parts of nutrient that are nonetheless too large, become stool.
What happens to the digested food?
The minor intestine absorbs most of the nutrients in your food, and your circulatory system passes them on to other parts of your body to shop or utilize. Special cells help absorbed nutrients cantankerous the intestinal lining into your bloodstream. Your claret carries simple sugars, amino acids, glycerol, and some vitamins and salts to the liver. Your liver stores, processes, and delivers nutrients to the rest of your torso when needed.
The lymph system, a network of vessels that carry white blood cells and a fluid called lymph throughout your torso to fight infection, absorbs fatty acids and vitamins.
Your body uses sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol to build substances you need for free energy, growth, and jail cell repair.
How does my trunk control the digestive procedure?
Your hormones and nerves work together to aid control the digestive process. Signals flow within your GI tract and back and along from your GI tract to your encephalon.
Hormones
Cells lining your tummy and small intestine make and release hormones that command how your digestive system works. These hormones tell your body when to make digestive juices and send signals to your brain that y'all are hungry or full. Your pancreas besides makes hormones that are important to digestion.
Nerves
You lot have nerves that connect your central nervous system—your brain and spinal string—to your digestive system and control some digestive functions. For example, when you see or smell food, your brain sends a point that causes your salivary glands to "make your oral fissure h2o" to gear up you to swallow.
You also have an enteric nervous system (ENS)—fretfulness within the walls of your GI tract. When nutrient stretches the walls of your GI tract, the nerves of your ENS release many unlike substances that speed up or delay the movement of nutrient and the product of digestive juices. The nerves send signals to control the actions of your gut muscles to contract and relax to push food through your intestines.
Clinical Trials
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) acquit and support research into many diseases and conditions.
What are clinical trials, and are they right for yous?
Watch a video of NIDDK Director Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers explaining the importance of participating in clinical trials.
What clinical trials are open up?
Clinical trials that are currently open up and are recruiting can exist viewed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
Source: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works
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